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Christmas curiosities

1.  “Jingle Bells was” writtenin 1857 by James Lord Pierpont and released under the title „One Horse Open Sleigh” for Thanksgiving, not Christmas.

 

2.The image of Santa Claus flying in a sleigh was created in 1819by Washington Irving, the same author who invented the Headless Horseman.

 

3. In Japan the Christmas tradition is to eat chicken from KFC.

 

4. In 2010 at Christmas the Colombian government decorated the jungle with lights because of what the trees started to burn.

 

5.Mistletoe comes from the English word misteltanwhich means „a small twig ofdung” , because the plant spreads through bird droppings.

 

6. In 1962the United States issued the first Christmas postage stamp.

 

7. American scientists have calculated that Santa would have to visit 822 houses per second to deliver all the presents on Christmas Eve.

 

8.According to the Guinness Book of Recordsthe tallest natural Christmas tree in history was the 67-meter Douglas Fir tree which was exhibitedover 70 years agoat the Northgate Mall in Seattle, Washington.

 

 

9.The largest gift sock in the world was about 32 meters long and about 14 meters wide. It weighed as much as five adult reindeer and held nearly 1,000 presents.

 

 

10.The first artificial Christmas trees, the so-called Christmas trees were made in Germany. They were made of dyed goose feathers. Real trees that we use to decorate for Christmas grow up for 15 years.

 

 

11. In Boliviaon Christmas Eve people come to church for mass with roosters.

 

 

12. The first decorated Christmas tree was presented in Riga in 1510.

 Ewelina Radomska 2A1

 

 

 

 

 

Halloween time – Monsters in Slavonic mythology

 

 

Mamuna, mamona (also: nymph, dziwożona) – female demon in slavonic mythology.

People used to think that mamuny were souls of women who died in pregnancy or during the puerperium. Some other people thought that mamonas were girls who caused miscarriages or killed their own children, girls who commit suicide, women who always lied, spinster or just witches.

Everyone imagines mamuna differently. They are presented in this way:

• Old women have hair on all their bodies
• Halfwomen – halfanimals, wild women/ wifes
• Beautiful, naked woman
• Specific type of witches
• Forest demons

 

 

 

Mamuny live under the bridge next to the river or ,in another version, in caves and ravives. Mamuny are so dangerous because they grab children from mothers’

houses and leave their own child. Sometimes they only grab it without changing a child. Mamony  could change a child in mothers’ wombs.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mamuny’s children which we call : proteus were ugly. They have too big or too small heads, really tiny hands and legs, huge stomach and have hair on body. Proteus make many problems for his environment. He didn’t move from his bed, always scream and didn’t talk. He didn’t eat or eat everything what he found. Proteus didn’t sleep and he kept others from sleeping. Mamuny’s childen often died before growing up, but if he had grow, he would had trouble with speaking and he will be distrustful to people to the end of his life.

 

 

 

 

 

Pienins highlanders bielieced that mamuny comes in winter and in new moon time. They caught someoene who had sined at this day and drag that person through cementary and ravives. They do this as long as siner will not die for a cold.

                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            

Nocnica

She’s a demonic figure in the field of Slavic demonology. It comes from pre-Christian beliefs, and it was defined, as the posthumous form of existence of the human soul. In Śląsk, a female demon, which choked people in sleep and made people sick, was called nocnica. Sometimes they were described as long-legged creatures living in the forest, that danced in a frenzy. Nocnice were considered harmful to people, they came to huts at night and harassed little children which led them to cry and not sleeping. In Mazowsze and Lubelszczyzna even at the turn of the 20th century, it was said, that the baby’s crying at night, was caused by nocnice, which was sometimes called noclicami.

Licho or cetno – male or female demon in slavonic mythology.

Initially when people used to live in wood they visualized licho as a little, funny animal with slunted fur and sly muzzle. In that time cetno was only a little joker which can blunt a knife or stole a bowstring from bow.

 

 

 

 

 

Later when people change style of live their vision of licho change too. Cetno become a house demon and started make seriously damage. Licho was a restless ghost which traveled throught the world and looking for happiness to destroy. This demons bring to people illnesses, bad fate, famine and powerty. It also can whisper to human ears givinig them ignoble ideas and encourange to do wicked things. When demon finish his mission of destroying he started his journey from the beginning.

 

 

Only a few people see licho, but person who saw it describe licho as a old woman who was thin as a rake. Slim creepy grandma in too big cloak with one, scary, goggling eye in oversize head.

 

 

 

People can’t defend themseves from licho. This demons didn’t want a victims from animals or plants. Spells and pleas didn’t give effects. Only thing which people can do was having a hope that licho will go somewhere else tomorrow or in future week.

 

 

 

To the present day in European languages we can find sayings related to licho. The most popular is – licho doesn’t sleep.

 

 

Poroniec

It was the soul of a miscarried child, the soul of a child who was born dead or was killed by the mother shortly after birth, and in all cases, it wasn’t buried according to custom. They were considered extremely powerful demons due to their potential of unrealized life. A miscarried child had to be buried under the doorstep of the house so as not to turn into poroniec. Many taboos concerning pregnant women were associated with faith in porońce, for example, prohibition for a pregnant woman to look into the wells and draw water from them, a prohibition to leave home with the newborn, and prohibition for sexual intercourse.

 

 

    Agelika Kreft i Laura Lipska klasa 2 A1                     

 

 

 

 

 

 

 Women’s Day
by Angelika Kreft Kl. 1A 1

 

 

Now Women’s Day is an oficial feast in Albania, Belarus, Ukraine, Romania, Russia, Vietnam, Zambia, Italy, Poland, Brazil, Cuba, Laos and many different countries. In many country this holiday is celebrated lavishly, women get wishes, flowers and small gifts. Sometimes on this day women have free time without work or university lectures. However, there are lands where this day is really special.

 

 

 

On 8th of March we celebrate International Women’s Day, which was oficially constitute in 1909 in the USA to glorify the fights for equal rights. In Poland we have been celebrating this festival from 1993. In Iran this holy day is forbidden.

                        

 

In Russia Women’s Day has been a free day from work for women from 1956. On this day girls don’t gets flowers. They get springs of silver acacia.

 

 

In China on 8 of March women have half day free from work. In this time many shops offer special bargains for girls, especially clothes and cosmetics.

    

 

                                                     

 

 

Until recently in Israel no one celebrated the Women’s Day, and even now only some people know about this holiday. Now most women get flowers and gift from men.

 

 

 

                    

 

 

In Portugal and Romania women like to celebrate their day in woman’s group. Yes, they receive presents from men and they said “thanks” for wishes. But in the evenings on the day women prefer to spend with friends and for that reason they organise woman’s evenings at homes or bars.

 

 

 

In Italy them celebration of Women’s Day starts a week earlier. Roadside poles, board and bus stops are covered with posters about the coming day, some people do fliers around about the great day. On this day every absolutely every girl gets bounquetsof flowers and wishes. There is a shopping madness, because not only men buy gifts, but also woman buy present for their kin.

                 

                 

In Great Britain people don’t concentrate upon gifts and flowers, but on Women’s Day many lectures and exhibitions are organized. They tell us the stories about women who did something special for humanity in history and about how was equal rights were introduced. Interestingly in Great Britain Women’s Day is celebrated on 10 of March, although the oficial date is the 8 of March, like in most countries.

 

 

In Vietnam people celebrate this day twice a year on 8 of March and on 20 of October. In this country girls mostly get carnations.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The History of Saint Valentine’s Day

 

Valentine’s Day occurs every February 14. Across the United States and in other places around the world, candy, flowers and gifts are exchanged between loved ones, all in the name of St. Valentine. But who is this mysterious saint and where did these traditions come from?

The Catholic Church recognizes at least three different saints named Valentine or Valentinus. One legend contends that Valentine was a priest who served during the third century in Rome. When Emperor Claudius II decided that single men made better soldiers than those with wives and families, he outlawed marriage for young men. Valentine, realizing the injustice of the decree, defied Claudius and continued to perform marriages for young lovers in secret. When Valentine’s actions were discovered, Claudius ordered that he be put to death. Still others insist that it was Saint Valentine of Terni, a bishop, who was the true namesake of the holiday. He, too, was beheaded by Claudius II outside Rome.

Other stories suggest that Valentine may have been killed for attempting to help Christians escape harsh Roman prisons, where they were often beaten and tortured. According to one legend, an imprisoned Valentine actually sent the first “valentine” greeting himself after he fell in love with a young girl–possibly his jailor’s daughter–who visited him during his confinement. Before his death, it is alleged that he wrote her a letter signed “From your Valentine,” an expression that is still in use today.

 

 

 

St. Valentine’s Day

 

Hello, in this article we will talk about how people in many different countries celebrate a Valentine’s Day.

 

In Japan this day is a men’s day. Women on this holy day buy chocolates for their partners, and have hopes they will do the same.

 

 

 

In South Korea every 14th day of month is dedicated to love. On Valentine’s Day just like in Japan woman give sweets to their men, but on 14th March they wait for presents trom their partners. If it doesn’t happen, such a girl celebrates a White Day, on this day she must it black macaroni- this dish symbolizes a lonely life.

 

 

 

In Norway and Denmark 14th of February woman receive unnamed letters with love poems. Although letters are anonymous, men try to give their love ones some hint and they draw as many polka dots on the bottom of thier letters as their name has letters. If a girl guesses who wrote a given letter to her, on Easter she will get a painted egg from this boy, but if she doesn’t guess correctly she will have to give the Easter egg to the lad.

 

 

 

In Slovenia Valentine’s Day is the first day when people go to work in the field or in the vineyards. Slovenians believe that on that day birds merge in pairs, but if you want to see it, you must go to the field without shoes even if it’s cold and some snow still lies on the ground. The Feast of Love is celebrated in Slovenia at some other time: on 12th of March – the day of Saint Gregory, on 22th of February the day of Saint Vincent, or on 13th of June on the day of Saint Antony, the patron saint of love.

 

 

 

In Estonia 14th of February isn’t the feast of love. On this day they celebrate the holy day of friendship. Love sometimes ends, but friendship usually lasts. For that reason Estonians give presents to their friends on Valentine’s Day.

 

 

Welsh people celebrate the feast of love earlier than everybody. They have their Valentine’s Day on 25th of January on the day of Saint Dwynwen, the patron saint of lovers. People give something strange to their better halfs … spoons! Of course, these aren’t regular flatware, but beautiful wooden sculpted spoons with love symbols.

 

 

On Valentine’s Day in France single women meet in the evening and burn the photo of men who have turned them down.

 

 

On 14th of February in China people who still look for love go to a sanctuary and pray to the matchmaker figurine to help them to find love.

In Germany the symbol of prosperity and lust is… a pig! Therefore it appears next to all the hearts on valentine’s cards. If you go to Germany in this pieriod of time, don’t be surprised if you get a present with a pig motive on this feast of love.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chrismas Holidays in other countries   (2019)

 

We recently had the pleasure to celebrate Christmas. On this occasion, I would like to introduce you Christmas traditions in 4 other places in the world.

 

1. Italy

Italy is a Catholic country and thier Chrismas looks very similar to ours. One of the few differences is that Italians have 13 dishes, one more than we do. They are based on fish and combined with pasta. Italians also drink wine and eat similar cakes to our Easter cakes at Chrismas evening supper. The most characteristic aspect of Christmas in Italy are the cribs. They traditionally come from Italy. Italians have two characters which bring presents for children. First is Santa Claus, and second is Befana. She’s a very ugly, old, wrinkled witch. Her day is January 6.

 

                                                                                              (grafika google)

 

 

 

2. Japan

Japanese start to celebrate Chrismas in mid-November. They treat Christmas also as a feast of love. Christmas Eve is the best moment to propose, invite a sweetheart on a date or a romantic evening. A lot of Japanese eat for Christmas Eve dinner food from KFC. They also have „Christmas cake” on the Chrismas table. It’s a very sweet cake served in the colourful form, decorated with sugar forms (the more amazing the better).

                                                                                             (grafika google)

3. Brazil

Most traditions are derived from Christian tradition and they have been adapted to local traditions and the climate. At the beginning of December, you can already see Christmas lights everywhere. Brazilians start a major Christmas dinner around midnight and then they exchange gifts. A standard Brazilian Christmas dinner is above all turkey, but also cod, cassava, salami, French toast and panettone. Often instead of the usual Christmas tree, you can meet a palm tree.

                                            (grafika google)

4. Australia

Holidays fall in summer because Australia lies in the southern hemisphere. So Australians celebrate Christmas twice a year. They celebrate their second holiday in July when it is winter time, and contrary to popular belief, it’s snowing. Australians are not limited to lights on the tree in front of the house. It would seem that they fight for the title of the most visible house from space. They have inflatable Santas and snowmen, glowing crocodiles, reindeer and koalas, wishes of happiness and prosperity, light bulbs in rainbow colours and subtitles: “Peace on earth and goodwill to all”. It is a tradition to explore the streets and choose the best-decorated home in the area. Instead of Christmas Eve, lunch is organized. The most Australian dishes are roast turkey or ham and pudding with plums for dessert. There are no twelve dishes, and most are served cold.

                                                                                      (grafika google)

Late Merry Christmas

Laura Lipska 1A1

 

 

 

 POLIGLOT 

 

 

Gingerbread	Tinsel	Fir	Tie
Sack	Pine	Hot chocolate	Wreath
Midnight	Ornaments	Fireworks	Bake
Mistletoe	Sleigh	Plum pudding	Freezing
Cocoa	Picture frame	Frost	Stable
Cranberry sauce	Elf	Holly	Wrap
Slippers	Shephard	Bottle of champaigne	Wise Men
Hang	Turkey	Deck of cards	Relolutions
Snowflake	Decorate	Lights	Mulled wine
Donkey	Icicle	Eggnog	reindeer

 

 

FOOD	DRINKS	SANTA CLAUS	NATIVITY	DECORATIONS
WINTER	PRESENTS	PLANTS	ACTIONS	NEW YEAR

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

THE INTERNATIONAL DAY OF LANGUAGES

In October there was a big celebration in our High School –the International Day of Languages.

All 1st graders, who gathered in the school auditorium, participated in the feast.

They took part in numerous contests and were supposed to prepare a presentation about the assigned country, followed by a quiz. The quiz was addressed at the whole gathering.

The students were also obliged to show and describe an installation best illustrating the country’s history, culture, etc., such as the Triumphal Arch in Paris.

They could also sing a song or tell a poem by any artist from the assigned coutry.

The „board game corner” associated the school event. It was organised in the languages class of French and Spanish where all students at school could try their luck in educational board games in all four languages: English, German, French and Spanish. There was a lot laugh and emotions involved.

 

                                 foto:IX LO 

 

The competition was fierce, but it didn’t really matter who won and who was the last in line of winners. What truly mattered was learning interesting, less known, surprising or even shocking facts about other nations in Europe and elsewhere and just lots of

 

 GOOD FUN!!!

 

                                                                                                        by editorial staff of Poliglot

 

HALLOWEEN

 

                                                                                    Source – Google graphics

Hallowin is an annual holiday celebrated on October 31st by all Christians around the world.

Typical colours of that day are red, black and orange.

The tradition of Halloween goes back to Celts times – people then disguised to scary away all the bad spirits wandering around on Earth.
Also, because the Holiday comes in the end of an annual apple harvest, candy apple, caramel of toffee apples are a common Halloween treat made by rolling whole apples in a sticky syrup.

Children and other people often have Halloween partie where they play games like ”bobbing the apples” (players try to get an apple out of a bowl of water without using their hands). Of course, they get wet in that game! Another game is „apples on string”. People hang apples on pieces of string and the participants try to eat the apple with their hands at the back.

The greatest attraction of all is undoubtedly going trick or treating disguised in all sorts of scary costumes. Young kids love going from door to door in their neighbourhood calling „TRICK OR TREAT”! Most people give the children a „TREAT”. This is usually a sweet, some chocolate bar or maybe a toffee apple.

But some people do not give the children a treat. The the children play trick on them. Sometimes they ring the doorbell again and then hide awal. Or they come to the house a few minutes later and put leaves, grass, stones or other things into the letterbox.

At Halloween partie, attended by children and adults alik, all participants wear scary costume. After a longer while the Queen and King of the best disguise at the ball is chosen. Hounted mazes are prepared for children, with lots of traps and scary surprises. Everybody has lots of fun and can eat some unusual things such as eyeballs with jelly inside or bloody fingers.

This holiday is really fantastick. We all love wearing scary costumes and going „trick-or-treating” with our mates.

                                                                                Source – Google graphics

 

Halloween activities include:

• trick-or-treating,

•  

• carving Jack-o’-lanters out of pumpkins, which are the put in

• the windows or on the doorsteps to scare evil ghosts away,

• visiting haunted attractions like ghost houses,

• telling scary stores,

• watching horror films and, of course,

• wearing scary costumes, for example, witches, vampires, skeletons, or mummies – the most popular ones are these of ghost.

Costumes are also based on themes other than traditional horrors, such as those of characters from television shows, movies, and other pop culture Irons.

  A collective work of students from class II D

 

                                                                                                   Source – Google graphics

 

 

HALLOWEEN AROUND THE WORLD

„Los Dias de los Muertos” in Mexico

In the fall numerous Monarch butterflies return to Mexico. The Aztecs believe that the butterflies bear the spirits of their dead ancestors. This belief has remained in the Mexican culture up to now and it is these spiritus that the people honour Turing „Los Dias de los Muertos” (The Days of the Dead).

These days take place between 31 October and 2 November, and are held in joy and happiness. Families begin the fiesta by cleaning their relatives’ graves and decorating them. Then they have picnick lunches on them. They eat homemade candy in the shape of skull and skeleton. People parade through the streets dressed up as ghouls, ghousts, mummies and skeletons, and carrying an alive person in a coffin. They also light bonfires, set off firecrackers, and hang lanterns on trees to guide the souls of the dead.

„Hungry Ghoust” festiwal in China

The Fall festiwal of Hungry Ghost takes place during the 7th lunar month. People believe that the gates of hell are open at this period of the year and that hungry ghosts are released. The Mont-long festiwal seek to calm down the hungry ghosts. As they have been denied entry into Haven, the hungry ghosts serach for souls to take their place in misery.

For Taoists and Buddhists these evil spirits are to be taken seriously. They are active at night and can take many forms including snakes and birds, but can even appear as beautiful men and women to seduce the living. When they possess someone they causa illness and mental dis order.

To keep the angry spirits amused, people perform street operas and other forms of public entertainment throughout this month. Those who live along rivers or near the sea float lanterns carved from fruit in the water to guide the ghosts away from their homes.

The 14th and 15th of seventh lunar month are the two most important day of the festival. Great feasts are held both nights outsider under the full moon. On the 14th people feast in honour of their family ancestors so that they bring them luck with money and the harvest. On the 15th people feast for the hungry ghosts to leave them alone.

 

AUTUMN SEASON

            AUTUMN LEAVES

                     The falling leaves drift by my window
                     The falling leaves of red and gold
                     I see your lips the summer kisses
                     The sunburned hands I used to hold

                               Since you went away the days grow long
And soon I’ll hear old winter’s song
But I miss you most of all my darling
When autumn leaves start to fall

Since you went away the days grow long
And soon I’ll hear old winter’s song
But I miss you most of all my darling
When autumn leaves start to fall

                                I miss you most of all my darling
When autumn leaves start to fall

                               Since you went away the days grow long
And soon I’ll hear old winter’s song
But I miss you most of all my darling
When autumn leaves start to fall

Since you went away the days grow long
And soon I’ll hear old winter’s song
But I miss you most of all my darling
When autumn leaves start to fall

                               I miss you most of all my darling
When autumn leaves start to fall

 

 

 

FALL SEASON QUOTES AND IMAGES

 

           

 

         

 

 

SOME REFLECTIONS ABOUT AUTUMN

 

                                                                                       foto:Google/grafiki/

Fall is my favorite season. All the leaves from the trees and plants change into multi-colored works of art and fall away. It creates bare, and vulnerable branches, revealing the true scenery underneath.

The dead leaves and branches on the ground disintegrate and turn into part of the soil, which are used as seeds and fertilizer later once the cold welcomes the warmer weather.

There are many reasons why I love fall and why I think it’s the best season, but here are just a few.

 

The trees change color

The spring season is very green, the summer is very hot, the winter very cold and the fall is full of magnificent colors.

The maple trees are especially vibrant with colors of red, golden yellow and combinations of both.

When I was younger we called them „tree stars” from the movie „Land Before Time” and to this day they are my favorite trees when the season changes.

This season is perfect for taking beautiful scenic photos and spending time outdoors. Nothing can relax and rejuvenate more than enjoying nature and the surrounding scenery.

                                                                         foto: Google/gazetawrocławska.pl/

 

The weather is perfect

With cooler temperatures rolling in, saying goodbye to summer and hello to fall is not a hard thing to do. It’s a great time to break out the jackets, coats, boots, scarves and hats in preparation for the change in season.

It’s also the perfect time to start making hot cocoa, and lighting a fire in the fireplace. This season creates a sense of comfort, warmth and reflection.

It’s a great time to go camping, fishing, go on a road trip or anything else where you can spend quality time with family and eat good food.

 

The Mist and All Poem

I like the fall, 
The mist & all. 
I like the night owl’s 
Lonely call
And wailing sound
Of wind around.

I like the gray 
November day, 
And bare, dead boughs 
That coldly sway 
Against my pane. 
I like the rain. 

I like to sit
And laugh at it
And tend
My cozy fire a bit. 
I like the fall 
The mist and all.

author, Dixie Willson

 

It brings back memories

Fall was my mother’s favorite season, and every year when it rolls around it creates a flood of memories and reminds me of the beautiful person she was.

She used to quote this poem from Dixie Willson, all the time, but even more so when the autumn was in full swing.

It’s one of the many things I learned from her when I was young, that poems have a way of capturing your soul and uncovering a deeper connection within yourself.

Her demeanor changed when the weather started getting cooler, she would spend more and more time outdoors.

She had a sense of peace and thankfulness that I hope to convey to those around me.

                   foto: Google/gardenpuzzle/

 

 

It’s full of family holidays

Autumn is one of the most packed holiday seasons. There’s the back to school rush, Halloween, Thanksgiving and of course Christmas.

But it’s not just full of regular holidays, these are all very involved, family centered holidays.

This is a season to be thankful, and to be surrounded by the people you love.

It’s a perfect time to change up your decorations, add orange, red and yellow colors and pull out the spice scented candles.

To think over the past year, what you’ve been through, the memories you’ve made together and to look forward to a new and exciting year.

Another reason I love the holidays is for the food. You generally won’t eat nearly as good during this season compared to the rest of the year.

Autumn is not only the best time of year, out of all four seasons but it’s also the most scenic and beautiful if you love being outdoors. It’s all about family, food and creating memories.

 

What season do you love the best and why?

Dear Reader!

If you would like to share with us some of your autumn stories of thoughts about this season, please, write to us and we will gladly publish your essay!!!

 

 

 

 

SUMMERTIME IS NEAR –

SO GRAB YOUR BACKPACKS AND SET OFF TO SIGHTSEE THE MOST FABULOUS  PLACES PRESENTED IN THIS ISSUE OF OUR SCHOOL SUMMER MAGAZINE

 

Great Britain

This is the name of the island which is made up of England, Scotland and Wales. The other name for the country, the United Kingdom, also embraces Norhern Ireland. The origin of the word „Great” is truly a reference to size, because in many European languages the words for Britain and Brittany in France are the same. In fact, it was the French who first talked about Grande Bretagne!

In everyday speech „Britain” is used to mean the United Kingdom.

 

 Facts about Britain

THE FULL NAME OF THE COUNTRY   –   the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern  Ireland; the country is the Constitutional Monarchy;

CAPITOL    –   London (with the population of about 8 mln people, and still growing due to                                   numerous immigrants);

      

POPULATION  –   65,5 mln people
OFFICIAL LANGUAGES   –   English, Welsh, Scottish;

 THE FLAG   –   known as the Union Jack is made up of three crosses:

1. the upright red is the cross of St George, the patron saint of England;
2. the white diagonal cross is the cross of St Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland;
3. the red diagonal cross is the cross of St Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland;
4. the patron saint of Wales is St David.

QUEEN HELIZABETH II   –   is the Head of State; She is celebrating her 92nd birthday this year.

                                  

Interesting facts, famous people

1. Reliant Robin, designed and produced in the UK, is a three-wheeled car. It is considered to be one of the worst cars in the world.

 

2. The UK is the 8th on the list of largest economic powers in the Word.
3. The coutry is the 4th in spending money on military forces and has the biggest navy in Europe – The Royal Navy.
4.  Fish and chips is the most famous British dish.

Fish and chips is a hot dish of English origin consisting of fried battered fish and hot potato chips. It is a common take-away food and an early example of culinary fusion.^[1][2] Fish and chips first appeared in the 1860s; by 1910 there were more than 25,000 fish and chip shops across the UK, and by the 1930s there were over 35,000.^[2] Fish and chips are now a staple takeaway meal in numerous countries, particularly in English-speaking Commonwealth countries including Australia and New Zealand.

THE COOLEST PLACES IN GREAT BRITAIN!

There are a lot of attractions in this countries but, in my opinion,
 in each of them there are only a which deserve our attention. Let get started! 
 Firstly let us have a closer look at  Great Britain. 
 There  are numerous  attractions such as Big Ben, the London Eye, the Tower Bridge,
 the Buckingham Palace and the Stonehenge because it is absolutely compulsory 
 to see them.

     1.The Museum of Natural History In London

This 140 year-old museum have one of the biggest coletion of exhibits in the world. There is over 70 million exhibits and they present all the historical eras of the Earth. At the various exhibitions you can see, for example, skeletons of dinosaurs, or you can experience a simulation of an earthquake. Most of the exhibitions are for free but some others, for which you have to pay, are definitely worth their price.

 2.The Giant Causeway

This is a fantastic place. It is really hard to describe because of the great number of science words that one would have to use. Here you can see some kind of tightly stacked columns of rocks. In my view, this place is amazing. You definitely need to see it sometime!

 3.Eden’s Project

Maybe not everyone loves biology, but I think that after sighseeing this place you will fall in love with it. Eden’s Project is a botanical garden where you can see plants from all over the world. It is particularly of interest due to its construction. This construction resembles some kind of a base on a faraway planet. I think that some day our class should go there on a shor visit because of education values which the place offers.

4.The Sherlok Holmes Museum

Ok.This is a time for geeks and nerds. This is the attraction that I really want to see some day. I think there isn’t much to tell. The museum is devoted to the most famous detective of all times. I think that visiting this place should be a part of a bigger trip because the museum isn’t really big for the simpel reasons of the size of the flat itself. Nevertheless, it is still worth seeing for those who ara fans of books and TV series based on Agatha Christie’s detective stories

CANADA’ MOST FABULOUS PLACES TO VISIT!

HEY! But don’t you forget about such a beautiful country as Canada is!!! As I have already mentioned, if you really like nature, this country is for you. And if you particularly love looking at rocks and trees you’ll fall in love in this country in no time at all. I could bet that you have never seen such a great variety of beautifull views that Canada offers to all its visitors.

     5. Capilano Suspension Bridge

Let get started with the most interesting tourist attraction in Canada, in my opinion. This bridge is in fact a cable in the mountainous region of North Vancouver, connected by a few bridges on a high altitude. The most famous of them is hanging 70 metres over the river.

 6. Horseshoe Falls

Next atraction in Canada are Horseshoe Falls. This waterfalls were given that name because of therir shape. If you are really brave, you can buy a ticket for a ferry and come closer to see them from a shorter distance .The view must be really impressive just because of the size of them. The total hight of is almost 160 metres, and the total width is over 800 metres . Can you imagine???

7. CN Tower

Officialy this is the TV Tower In Toronto near the Ontario Lake. Also, if you buy a ticket, you can go inside and observe the whole city from abouve – from 350m. And if you buy a special ticket, there is a restaurants over the observation deck.

There are some more similar TV towers in the world and this one is 3rd on the list of the highiest. CN Tower is 553 metres high.The highiest TV tower is the Tokio Skytree wic h is 643 meters high.

   ON THE OTHER END
     OF THE EARTH – VISIT
     AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND

              

 

 

 

 

WHAT DO U KNOW ABOUT AUSTRALIA?

 

 * Commonwealth of Australia (briefly: Australia) is a democratic state, 

   located in the southern hemisphere, whose capital is Canberra;
   it’s the sixth largest state in the world

* Australia is a highly developed country with a multicultural society;
   in comparison with other countries,
   Australia’s social development index is very high – according 2014,
   it’s ranked second in Norway in this respect;
   Australian cities are in the forefront in the field of cultural life

* the political system is a formally federal constitutional monarchy
   with a bicameral parliament

* the head of state is the Queen of Australia (currently Elisabeth II),
   represented by the Governor General; the title of Queen of Australia
   was given to the reigning British monarch in 1971 by the Australian Parliament

 

 

IN BRIEF:
official language – English                                                 
currency – Australian dollar
population – 56. in the world → 24.511,800 (2017)         
total area – 6th in the world → 7,686,850 km2

 

WHAT IS FASCINATING IN NEW ZEALAND?

 

* New Zealand is the Country of Long White Cloud – an island state
   located in the Southwest Pacific and consisting of two main islands

* Australia is located 1600 km from New Zealand

* the highest executive body is the Executive Council, which includes
   the Governor General and the Cabinet of the Government;
   it is headed by the prime minister

* New Zealand is a constitutional monarchy without a constitution
  (official status of the British dominion) about a parliamentary-cabinet;
  the head of state is the British monarch who is represented by the Governor General

* the territory of New Zealand is divided into 16 regions and cities and districts;
   The Chatham Islands are a separate district, not included in any region

 

 

IN BRIEF:
capital city – Wellington
language – English, Maori, New Zealand
currency – New Zealand dollar
population – 4,665,620
total area – 270.467 km2

 

THE CULTURAL SITE OF AUSTRALIA

 

 

* The first amateur theatrical performances took place
   in prison theaters; the first theater in the country
   was created in Sydney (1830) and was called Theater Royal

* In Australian cuisine one shouldn’t forget about
   the traditional cuisine of the indigenous people,
   i.e. about the Aboriginal cuisine, which can be tasted in the reserves inland;
   this kitchen even got its own name: Bush tucker food.
   The ingredients of this cuisine include:
   – Herbs, roots, seeds, palm hearts or fruits such as quandong
   – Kangaroos (eg in the form of a steak with quandong fruit sauce),
    snakes, lizards, turtles and ostriches in the form of eg fillets
   – Insects and all kinds of insect larvae rich in protein

        

 

* The first Australian newspaper was
   “Sydney Gazette and the News South Wales Advertiser” (1803-1842).
   The main newspapers and magazines are in the hands of press corporations
   such as: „Sydney News Ltd.” and „The Herald Sun”; 3 thousand appear
   in Australia newspapers – the biggest dailies are: The Herald Sun and The Daily Telegraph.
   Among women’s magazines, it runs „Australian Women’s Weekly”;
   press agencies: “Australian Agency Press” and „Australian United Press Ltd.”

* Australian Radio began broadcasting November 13.1923,
   and television on November 1.1956 .
   There’s one state broadcaster and 4 radio stations;
   in Australia it broadcasts about 50 commercial TV stations and about 140 radio stations

       

 

 

THE CULTURAL SITE OF NEW ZEALAND

 

* The star that makes New Zealand famous all over the world 

   is due to its Maori origin, soprano Kiri Te Kanawa

* In addition, New Zealand comes from Neil Finn,
   the leader of the famous rock band Crowded House;
   previously, together with his brother Tim, he played
   in the group Split Enz, very popular in the 1970s and 1980s

                                                                      

 

 

 

 

* The most famous New Zealand writer is Janet Frame, the heroine of the biographical film, „Angel at my table”

* From New Zealand comes the director also includes “The Lord of the Rings trilogy”, Peter Jackson.

                                                                                                                              

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 * In a specific way, the country is promoted by two comedians – Jemaine Clement and Bret McKenzie,   who form the folk and comedy duo Flight of the Conchords; 

 it’s also the title of the series, in which they both appear, co-create the script and write music to

* known people: Russel Crowe, James Cook, Kate Sheppard

                                      

                        

 

            ADDICTED TO PASSION ABOUT AUSTRALIA

* The longest golf course in the world is in Australia – it has 1365 km runs through the desert plain; it takes at least 4 days to defeat him

* 17 of the 26 most venomous snakes in the world occur in Australia

* If you put together all the pieces of the Sydney Opera House roof,
   they would create the perfect sphere (apparently the Opera architect
   was inspired to create it by taking an orange)

* In 2010, the pre-election debate was postponed between former
   Prime Minister Gillard and current Prime Minister Abbot,
   due to the finale of the Masterchef program

 

* The first policemen in Australia were well-behaved prisoners

* Burger King is called „Hungry Jack’s” in Australia

* There are 75.5 million sheep in Australia – 3.3 times more than humans

* Sea Worm (Jellyfish Box, jellyfish) killed more people in Australia than the Goblin, sharks and crocodiles taken together

* In Australia there are 10,000 beaches; if you visited one a day, it would take you almost 30 years to visit everyone

* Canberra, the capital of Australia, is an artificially created city; it was established when Melbourne and Sydney couldn’t agree on where
   the capital should be – Canberra lies between Melbourne and Sydney

10 FACTS U NEVER KNEW ABOUT NEW ZEALAND

 

* This country is 1.2 times smaller than Poland

* The national fruit is kiwi

* New Zealand, as the first in the world, admitted women
   to the parliamentary elections (in 1893)

* The sources of Waikoropup near Nelson contain the purest spring
   water in the world – their yield is 2.160,000 liters of water per day

* In this country there’re over 47 million sheep, which gives
   an average of about 12 sheep per person

* In the city of Dunedin is the steepest street in the world;
   it’s 350 meters long and 35% inclination

* In New Zealand, adulthood is reached at the age of 20

* 3 New Zealand citizens received the Nobel Prize

* New Zealand is one of only three countries that has two official national anthems; one of them is „God Save the Queen”
   and the other „God Defend New Zealand”

 * New Zealander Richard William Pearse two years before the brothers Wright made his first flight by plane; On March 31.1902, on a plane he made, he flew 91 m above the field near Timaru

TO EXPERIENCE SMT SPECTACULAR – THE MOST POPULAR FESTIVAL

IN SYDNEY FOR HOLIDAYS 2018

 

      

 

* Vivid Lights Festival

* Sydney Writers’ Festival

    

* Twilight at Taronga   

           

* Sydney Chinese New Year Festival

  

* Sydney Running Festival

* Sydney Festival

* City2Surf Australia

* Opera on Sydney Harbour

 

And if you can’t, for any reason, go sightseeing to any of the recommended places have a look at

The Tri-City Summer Calendar

and enjoy leisure time in your neighbourhood

 

The Tri-City calendar has all kinds of colourful feathers in its cap, and with each passing year new numbers are being added.

 

July

Heineken Music Festival
Arguably Poland’s best music event!

 

International Festival of Organ Music in Oliwa
Concerts every Tuesday and Friday at the Oliwa Cathedral

 

International Festival of Organ, Choir and Chamber Music
Concerts every Friday night at St Mary’s Basilica

 

Gdansk Musical Stage
Cycle of open air concerts every Saturday and Sunday at the Oliwa Gate

 

Feta – International Festival of Open Air and Street Theatre
Performances, mimes, stilt walkers, dancers amidst the beautiful scenery of Gdansk’s historic streets

www.plama.art.pl

 

Nord/LB Baltic Sprint Cup
Seafaring yacht regattas

 

 

„Baltic Sail” International Sailing Rally – „Sail Gdansk”
Competition upon the hight seas

 

Shanties at the Crane festival
On the Olowianka Island

 

August

 

St. Dominic’s Fair
Centuries old trade fair and festiwal

 

Gdynia Beach Party
Rave it up on Gdynia’s Beach

 

Music in Old Gdansk
A cycle of music concerts in historic interiors

 

Gdansk Carillon Festival
Unique musical event in Poland

 

 

Shakespeare Festival
The English bard gets the Polski treatment

 

Gdansk Mayor Cup Regattas
Wave on those handsome sailors!

 

I. The Baltic usually comes out on top when bids are made to host international pop festivals, and the new Heineken Opener Festival looks set to become a permanent fixture.

 II. Another hit that lures big international names is Gdansk’s Musical Summer, which runs top notch classical concerts across the city. One of the oldest and also the most prestigious annual events in Gdansk is St. Dominic’s Fair, which stretches all the way back to 1260, when Pope Alexander IV granted the Dominican monks the right to hold a fair in Gdansk. Besides the treasures of the fair itself, which are particularly strong on art and amber, the festival embraces a range of events from concerts to firework displays.

III. Another established event is Gdynia’s Film Festival, which remains one of the most important celluloid celebrations in Poland. Many of the country’s most famed directors such as Kieslowki and Zanussi have taken part in the competition.

IV. Last but not least is Sail Gdansk, which sees the Bay come alive with a flotilla of fantastic sailing vessels. This event usually takes place in July and it’s a must for maritime maniacs.

 

UPS, I LITTLE HAVE I NOTICE THAT WE
ARE NOW DREAMING TOO MUCH ABOUT HOLIDAYS …
IT’S TIME TO GET BACK TO SCHOOLWORK AGAIN!
IT ISN’T THE END OF THE SCHOOL YEAR YET,
ISN’T THAT RIGHT? – ENGLISH LANGUAGE WITHOUT SECRETS

   

 

 

 

AT THE BEGINNING WE’LL LEARN MORE NEW THINGS & GET TO KNOW UNKNOWN INTERESTING INFORMATIONS

ABOUT THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE

 

 

* Most commonly in English is the letter ”E”

* Did you know that the word „stewardesses” is written
on the keyboard only with your left hand? At least if someone   uses ”touch typing”

* It’s sad, but when it comes to the most difficult to pronounce

English words, the leading word is „pronunciation”

 

 

* The longest English word without vowels is rhythms (rhymes)

* Set is the most ambiguous word in English. The dictionary of synonyms 

and synonyms shows that the set has 44 basic meanings as a verb,
17 – as a noun, 7 – as an adjective and numerous related forms

* Uncopyrightable is the longest English word in which none of the letters is repeated

 

CHECK YOURSELF OUT!

Start with a slow reading of the tongue twisters and then try to repeat it faster. When you are able to pronounce correctly the whole violator, try to repeat it two or three times to make the challenge difficult.

Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. How many pickled peppers did Peter Piper pick?

She saw Sharif’s shoes on the sofa. But was she so sure those were Sharif’s shoes she saw?

Give papa a cup of proper coffe in a copper coffe cup.

A loyal warrior will rarely worry why we rule.

A pessemistic pest exists amidst us.

Drew Dodd’s dad’ dog’s dead 

                                                            

 

 

ARE YOU

STILL BORED? SOLVE A CROSSWORD
OR A PENCIL DRAWING!

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SMT TO KILL TIME – RIDDLES

Below we present two short but difficult puzzles. 

Let’s try to look for a password!

 1. Never resting, never still. Moving silently from hill to hill. It does not walk,           run or trot, All is cool where it is not. What is it? – sunshine
 2. What can bring back the dead; make us cry, make us laugh, make us young;
      born in an instant yet lasts a life time? – memories

IT CAN COME IN HANDY WHILE TRAVELLING

Do u want to learn some interesting phrases to use every day, but in your book there  is nothing interesting?

We present a list of ten interesting expressions that are often used during conversations.

Probably they are not in typical readings in English language books, but it is worth to get to know them.

      TWENTY FOUR SEVEN – 24 godziny na dobę

        GET THE BALL ROLLING – rozpoczynać, np: dyskusję

         SICK AND TIRED – mieć czegoś dosyć

         TAKE IT EASY – uspokoić się, nie denerwować się, odprężyć się,                                                        zrelaksować się

         LONG TIME NO SEE – Kopę lat. (gdy nie widzieliśmy się z kimś przez długi                                                  czas)

           BE BROKE – być spłukanym, być bez pieniędzy

           BEAT AROUND THE BUSH – owijać w bawełnę, mówić ogródkami

            GIVE ME A HAND – pomóc komuś, podać komuś pomocną dłoń

            FAT CHANCE – akurat, nie ma szans (wyraz niedowierzania)

DO U WANT TO JOIN THE SCHOOL EDITORIAL TEAM?

 

Can you see any problems that we should write about?

Do you have any suggestions for an interesting topic?

Have you been in a fantastic place so far?

Have you met an amazing person? Have you ever taken part
in an unconventional event and would like to share your opinion with us?

Is there something you just want to put in a school newsletter?

If your answer to any of the above questions is „YES!” – write to us!
Maybe we are just waiting for YOU?

Contact: 
* write to an email:l-bach@wp.pl
* contact Mrs. K. Nozdrzykowska, E. Delekta or K. Nowicka- Nozdryń
* contact any editorial member of the school newspaper

So that’s it for the summer issue of the school newsletter. Hope you enjoyed reading and that it will help you to choose from variety of atractions in on of these great countries.

Have a great holiday!!!

 

 

 

 

A FEW WORLDS ABOUT OUR TEAM

Zero writing skills, also the worst journalist that world has ever seen. But it’s not the whole announcement, I’m just getting started. You may ask – How can it be so dump? Guess right, I’m the only person here that deserves no stars.

I guarantee you nightmares every night, after reading this the first and only time. So dear reader, is it enough? 
If not, just just give me one more chance, and I will make you cry.

                

Krystian Węsierski, 1a

Hello!

My name is Mateusz Kowalkowski and I’m the freshman in Highschool number 9 in Gdynia. I chose writing in English in my articles, bcs it sounds really great in speaking as well as in writing! My main hobbies are typical for every geek, by this I mean computer games, comic books, movies and some TV-series. I’m also interested in airsoft (a kind of paintball, but more realistic, in which you shoot with plastie BB’s). I’m so excited about our school internet newspaper.

                

Mateusz Kowalkowski, 1 d

Hello Beloved!

Name – it’s not valid. Surname – by my dad. Age – different every year. Character – unique. Appearance – average. 
The one who listened to all songs. The one you will not understand.The one who counted 5 times to infinity. 
Who I am? – I’m a crazy person, but I see the world in bright colors. I stuff in the wind. I love everyone, I talk to myself. 
I do much more different. I don’t agree with the failure – make room, but I’m coming! 🙂

Laura Bach, 1a

II. FIRSTLY SOME INFORMATION

 WHY WE CHOSE ENGLISH?

• English is the most commonly spoken language in the world, but besides that It’s also the language of the Internet.
• Many websites are written in English so you will be able to understand them 
  and take a part in forums and discussions with anyone.
• Because of the fact that English is everywhere your dailiness will be easier.
• Knowing this language also increases your chances off getting job in any multinational company or finding work abroad.
• Regarding how easy learning English this days is, and how much it gives,   it’s a sin to not seize the opportunity.

 

ANGLO-SAXON COUNTRIES

Anglo-Saxon countries are countries in which the legal and political system are based on the British parliamentary system, culture and customs, in which are largely rooted in British, the population is largely derived from the British Isles, and the official, national language is English. By contrast, the English term Anglo-sphere is often extended to all countries where English and English cultural values dominate as a remnant of British rule. 
According to British Council research, English has the status of an official language or a special status in 75 countries with a total population of over one billion people. English is the native language for approximately 375 million people and is used as a second language by approximately 375 people in the world. Around 750 million use English as a foreign language.

II. SOME THINGS WHICH YOU SURELY
DID NOT KNOW

CURIOSITY. DO YOU WANT KNOW MORE?

It’s the ten most commonly misspelled words by English learners.

               

          

               * Leopard                    * Recipe                                 * Answer

           * Chaos                         * Debt                                    * Receipt

           * Says                            * Mayor                                  * Women     

                                                     * Aren’t

 

MEYBE DO U WANT TO KNOW MUCH MORE?

We present the ten most common spelling mistakes on Cambridge exams, 
namely FCE, CAE and CPE.    

                                                                          

III. TIME TO FUN!

TONGUE-TWISTER

Tongue twisters is a fun and interesting way to practice pronunciation. Read the following sentences at a slow pace, and then faster and faster. It’s a good idea to record yourself while you are in action and then listen to the recording in order

to check the correctness of the pronunciation and correct any errors. Good luck!

1. Betty Botter bought a bit of butter. The butter Betty Botter bought was a bit bitter and made her batter bitter. But a bit of better butter makes batter better. So Betty Botter bought a bit of better butter, making Betty 
Botter’s bitter batter better.

2. How much wood would a woodchuck chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood?

 A woodchuck would chuck all the wood that he could if a woodchuck could chuck wood.

3. Sister Sue sells sea shells. She sells sea shells on shore. The shells she sells.

Are sea shells she sees. Sure she sees shells she sells.

5. There was one smart feller and he felt smart There were two smart fellers

and they felt smart There were three smart fellers and they all felt smart.

SMT TO KILL TIME – RIDDLES

Below we present two short but difficult puzzles. Let’s try to look for a password! The answers we’ll publicate in next newspaper 

1. Never resting, never still. Moving silently from hill to hill. It does not walk,

run or trot, all is cool where it is not. What is it?

2. What can bring back the dead; make us cry, make us laugh, make us young;

born in an instant yet lasts a life time?

FIRST POETRY EVENING

 On February 28th in our wonderful High School for the first time we could participate in the poetry evening. We gathered in the school auditorium decorated in the style of a cosy cafeteria. We took seats at small tables where we could help ourselves to some delicious cookies and candies and have a small talk with friends. 

Some of our schoolmates and friends of all school grades prepared poetic pieces which they eagerly presented to us. We could listen to poems in English, German and French. We believe there was at least one pieces of poetry for everyone present in the auditorium to enjoy. There was also excellent musical interludes – songs in all three languages performed by our really talented mates. It was a truly enjoyable event. We hope that we’ll also be able to participate in the poetry evening next school year. 

So see you there!

        

     

Do you want to join the school office?

Do you see any problem that we should write about?

Do you have an idea for an interesting topic?

Were you in a fantastic place, did you see an amazing person, did you take part 
in an unconventional event and would like to share your opinion with us?

Is smt you just want to put in a school newsletter?

If your answer to any of the above questions is „YES!” – write to us! 
Maybe we are just waiting for you?

Contact: 
* write to an email:   l-bach@wp.pl
* contact with Mrs. K. Nozdrzykowska, E. Delekta or K. Nowicka- Nozdryń
* contact with editorial member of the school newspaper